Inquilab
Revolution, upheaval, radical change. A charged word in Iqbal and in the politics around him; he summoned the worker and the believer alike to overturn an unjust, decaying order.
Ishtirakiyat
Socialism / communism; collective ownership. Iqbal sympathised with its revolt against capitalist greed and its concern for the worker, but rejected its atheism and pure economic materialism.
Sarmayadari
Capitalism; rule of capital. Iqbal denounced it as a system in which a few hoard wealth wrung from the labour and blood of the many, and called the worker to rise against it.
Lenin
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), leader of the Russian Revolution; Iqbal's poem 'Lenin (Khuda ke Huzoor mein)' has Lenin address God, indicting capitalist Europe's exploitation while exposing the spiritual void of the godless order.