Meaning
The East, the Orient (the opposite of maghrib, the West).
How Iqbal uses it
The source he asks his readers to look to. “Open your eyes, see the earth, the sky, the air — behold the sun rising from the East.” He searched both the taverns of East and West and found the East rich in feeling but in need of awakening.
See it in the verse
Mashriq in Iqbal’s couplets
Khol aankh, zameen dekh, falak dekh, fiza dekh
Mashriq se ubharte hue suraj ko zara dekh
Mashriq se ubharte hue suraj ko zara dekh
Open your eyes — look at the earth, the sky, the open air; just look at the sun rising in the east.
Awakening · Hope
Bahut dekhe hain maine mashriq-o-maghrib ke maikhane
Yahan saaqi nahin paida, wahan be-zauq hai sahba
Yahan saaqi nahin paida, wahan be-zauq hai sahba
I have seen many a tavern of the East and the West — here no cup-bearer is born, and there the wine itself is without relish.
Awakening · Self-Knowledge