Muhtasib
The censor of public morals who enforced religious law, forbidding wine and vice.
Literally: the censor of morals; market-and-morals inspector
The muhtasib was the official charged with enforcing public morals — smashing wine-jars, policing the tavern — so in poetry he is the enemy of the lovers, the heavy hand of joyless orthodoxy come to break the cup. His raids on the maikhana figure the state's or the establishment's war on free, love-soaked devotion. Iqbal uses him as the emblem of coercive piety: the more zealously he smashes the jars, the more the wine of love finds new vessels; force cannot police the heart.
Sheikh
'Elder', 'chief' — a title for a religious elder, scholar, or tribal head.
Zaahid
An ascetic, an austere pietist; in ghazal the killjoy foil to the wine-loving rind.
Waaiz
A preacher, a sermonizer; often the hypocritical moralizer whom the poet mocks.
Maikhaana
A tavern, the wine-house; the mystic gathering-place opposed to the mosque's austerity.
Rind
The libertine or free-spirited reveller who flouts pious convention; in Sufi verse, the true lover of God.