Zaahid
An ascetic, an austere pietist; in ghazal the killjoy foil to the wine-loving rind.
Literally: the ascetic; abstainer
The zahid is the austere abstainer, the man of cold renunciation — and in the ghazal he is the poet's favourite foil: dry, narrow-eyed, proud of a piety that has no love in it, forever scolding the rind for the very intoxication that makes the rind alive. His sobriety is presented not as virtue but as a failure of the heart. Iqbal sharpens the contrast into a thesis: the zahid's bookish, bloodless faith is a dead thing beside the rind's living, love-fired belief; renunciation without love is just a tidy emptiness.
Zaahid in Iqbal’s couplets
Ki hazaron sajde tadap rahe hain teri jabeen-e-niyaz mein
Tera ilaj nazar ke siwa kuchh aur nahin
Hosh-o-khirad shikar kar qalb-o-nazar shikar kar
Ki hazaron sajde tarap rahe hain meri jabeen-e-niyaz mein
Nazar aati hai un ko apni manzil aasmanon mein
Ki nukta-ha-e-khudi hain misal-e-tegh-e-asil
Rind
The libertine or free-spirited reveller who flouts pious convention; in Sufi verse, the true lover of God.
Waaiz
A preacher, a sermonizer; often the hypocritical moralizer whom the poet mocks.
Naaseh
An adviser or admonisher; the well-meaning counsellor who warns the lover against love.
Muhtasib
The censor of public morals who enforced religious law, forbidding wine and vice.