Sharia
The body of Islamic religious law and moral guidance.
Literally: the path; the way to water
The revealed sacred law of Islam — the outward path of practice and obligation. Iqbal sees the shariat not as a frozen list of rules but as a living legal-moral order whose principles must be applied afresh in each age through ijtihad. In the Sufi schema he inherits, shariat is the outward law that must be wedded to tariqat (the path) and haqiqat (reality), not abandoned for them.
Tariqat
The mystical path or Sufi order; the inward way toward God, contrasted with the outward law.
Haqeeqat
Reality; the Truth, the ultimate essence (the opposite of majaz).
Ijtihaad
Independent reasoning and exertion to derive fresh judgement, especially in religious law.
Sunnat
The practice and example of the Prophet Muhammad, followed as a model of conduct.