Maqaam
A spiritual station or stage attained by the seeker on the Sufi path through effort.
Literally: station, standing-place
A "station" on the spiritual path — a stable rank of attainment (such as patience, trust, contentment) earned through effort and held by the seeker, in contrast to the fleeting haal that merely descends. Iqbal's emphasis on disciplined, cumulative growth of the self resonates with the idea of advancing through maqamat, each a permanent gain rather than a momentary glow.
Maqaam in Iqbal’s couplets
Naya zamana, naye subh-o-sham paida kar
Maqamat-e-aah-o-fughan aur bhi hain
Misr-o-Hijaz se guzar, Paras-o-Shaam se guzar
Maqamat-e-aah-o-fughan aur bhi hain
Maqam-e-rang-o-bu ka raaz pa ja
Kya khabar is maqam se guzre hain kitne kaarvaan
Haal
A transient spiritual state granted to the seeker by grace, as opposed to a permanently earned station.
Tariqat
The mystical path or Sufi order; the inward way toward God, contrasted with the outward law.
Saalik
A traveller on the Sufi path, one who journeys toward God.
Suluk
The disciplined journey of the seeker along the Sufi path toward God, traversing its stations and states.
Salik
A traveler on the mystical path; the spiritual wayfarer under the guidance of a master.